Bioactive materials are a class of nano or micro-sized materials used in the regeneration of hard tissues, in which their high surface area greatly influences the physicochemical properties and especially their biomineralization behavior. The class of bioactive materials includes bioactive glasses, bioactive glass-ceramics, bioactive calcium phosphate ceramics and bioactive composites and surface biofunctionalized oxide coatings. Many strategies have been reported in the specialized literature to develop and optimize the biochemical compatibility and biomechanical response of such materials, in special based on structural tailoring of bioactive composites and coatings and also based on surface chemistry tailoring. In the talk, general aspects of bioactive materials will be covered and two case studies will be presented: Biofunctionalisation of surfaces for metal implants and preparation of glass-ceramic doped with bisphosphonates for bone grafting.